Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the sensory quality (flavour, odour, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability) and physicochemical characteristics of meat from Santa Inês lambs fed with diets containing guava agroindustrial by-product (GAB). Was used samples of the longissimus lumborum of 40 entire males with an average slaughter weight of 32.0 kg, after approximately 105 days in a feedlot. Animals were randomly placed into four treatments (10 replicates per treatment) and fed with different levels of GAB (0, 20, 40 and 60%). Among the attributes examined, only odour was not influenced by the GAB. Inclusion of 40% GAB in diets (in place of corn) produced meat which satisfied consumer demands in terms of fresh colour, although with less intense flavour and tenderness. Although the factors juiciness and overall acceptability did not differ among the highest levels of GAB, we recommend to use GAB addition of up to 40% to avoid compromising on animal performance and consumer sensory characteristics.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-química e sensorial da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês submetidos a restrições quantitativas de nutrientes. Vinte e quatro animais confinados receberam dietas com 30% e 60% de restrição alimentar e foram comparados ao grupo controle sem restrição alimentar (ad libitum). Após o abate, o músculo Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) foi coletado para avaliação, tendo sido a carne de cordeiro afetada pelas restrições alimentares (p < 0,05). O conteúdo lipídico diminuiu com o aumento da restrição, enquanto a resistência ao cisalhamento, a luminosidade (L*) e o índice de vermelho (a*) foram menores nos cordeiros tratados com 60% de restrição e houve variação significativa (p < 0,05) nas propriedades sensoriais de acordo com a dieta. Em razão do maior escore quanto ao aroma e à similaridade ao controle em relação ao sabor, à maciez e à avaliação global, o nível de restrição alimentar de 30% pode ser considerado uma alternativa econômica e eficiente para a manutenção da qualidade da carne de cordeiro.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the meat of Santa Ines lambs subjected to quantitative nutrient restrictions. Twenty-four confined animals received diets with 30% and 60% feeding restriction levels, and were compared to a controlled group without feeding restrictions (ad libitum). After slaughter, the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle was collected for the evaluation, being the lamb meat was affected by the feeding restrictions (p < 0.05). The lipid content decreased with the increased restriction, whereas the shear strength, the lightness (L*) and the red index (a*) were lower in lambs treated with the 60% restriction and there were significant variation (p < 0.05) in the sensory properties according to diet. Due to the greater score in relation to aroma and similarity to control with respect to flavor, tenderness and overall evaluation, the 30% feeding restriction level can be considered an economic and efficient alternative for the maintenance of quality in lamb meat.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three breeding systems on the organoleptic quality and the physico-chemical composition of kids goat meat. Were used thirty newborn baby goats of 3.35 kg ± 0.65 kg crossed Parda Alpina x Undefined Race (SPRD) submitted to three breeding systems: Traditional system-TS; Intensive Feeding System without Concentrate- IS and Intensive Feeding System with Concentrate- IS+C. When the goats reached 12 kg, the animals were slaughtered and chemical and physical analyzes were performed in the evaluation of the meat and sensorial. The experimental design was completely randomized, submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test and Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsh at 5%. All analyzed variables were also submitted to Pearson correlation. The meat of the goats submitted to IS+C and IS presented higher intramuscular fat content and better flavor and aroma scores. A of Goats that used concentrated ration (TS and IS+C) showed a more intense red color in the meat than the animals that did not receive concentrate in their diets, besides presenting higher lipid contents in their composition, better scores for these two organoleptic characteristics. The chemical composition of goat meat in both breeding systems indicates that it is low in fat and high in moisture and therefore classified as very tender and juicy. The meat obtained from the IS+C, in general, presented better attributes than the others, believing it in the markets of meat of high quality.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize a commercial lamb finishing system using animals of undefined breed from production to slaughter by analyzing performance, carcass traits, yield of commercial cuts, and the quality and meat acceptance of different slaughter groups, as to evaluate whether this system provides the market with a standardized product. The lots were not homogeneous for yield of commercial cuts and performance and morphometric traits evaluated in vivo. The groups were heterogeneous to 75% of the 13 carcass traits evaluated, among them, hot and cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, carcass grade finishing and biological yield. There was also no uniformity for the proportion of non-carcass components, morphometry of carcass, visual appraisals, and loin traits. On the other hand, homogeneity was achieved in physico-chemical and sensory traits, except for hardness and proportion of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We conclude that the commercial finishing system with the use of undefined crossbred lambs does not produce carcass and cuts standardized to the market.

RESUMO Este experimento foi conduzido com a finalidade de avaliar dietas contendo farelo de algodão em substituição à proteína do farelo de soja, com ou sem suplementação enzimática sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 350 pintos distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 (2 níveis de substituição: 10 ou 20% x suplementação ou não com enzimas + dieta controle), totalizando cinco tratamentos, com sete repetições. Quando comparados à dieta controle, na fase pré-inicial, os pintos submetidos às dietas contendo farelo de algodão apresentaram maior consumo de ração e ganho de peso. No entanto, quando avaliados os períodos de 1 a 21 e 1 a 42 dias, o desempenho das aves foi semelhante. No período total da criação, houve efeito do nível de substituição e da suplementação enzimática, em que a substituição de 20% e a adição de enzimas resultaram em melhor ganho de peso. Nas características de carcaça, verificou-se que a dieta com 10% de substituição com adição de enzimas aumentou o peso da coxa, em comparação à dieta controle e à substituição de 20% em maior rendimento de sobrecoxa. Também foi verificado maior peso de coxa com a adição das enzimas. Conclui-se que o farelo de algodão pode ser utilizado em substituição de 20% da proteína do farelo de soja em dietas com suplementação das enzimas fitase e xilanase para frangos de corte.

ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating diets containing cottonseed as a substitute for soybean meal protein, with or without enzyme supplements, on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 350 chicks were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design, in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme (2 levels of substitution: 10% or 20% x with or without enzyme supplementation + control diet), giving a total of five treatments with seven replications. When compared to the control diet, in the pre-initial phase, the chicks submitted to the diets containing cottonseed meal showed higher feed intake and weight gain. However, when the periods, from 1 to 21 days and from 1 to 42 days, were evaluated, the performance of the birds was similar. Over the total breeding period, there was an effect from the level of substitution and the enzyme supplement, where a substitution of 20% and the addition of enzymes resulted in better weight gain. For carcass characteristics, it was found that a diet with 10% substitution and the addition of enzymes increased thigh weight in comparison to the control diet, and a substitution of 20%, gave greater yield of the upper thigh. Greater thigh weight was also found with the addition of enzymes. It can be concluded that cottonseed meal can be used as a substitute for 20% of the soybean meal protein in broiler diets supplemented with the enzymes phytase and xylanase.

Objetivou-se determinar o consumo de nutrientes e os aspectos quantitativos da carcaça de ovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos com dietas com ou sem farelo de castanha de caju. Foram usados dezoito ovinos com peso inicial médio de 20,1kg em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três cruzamentos e duas dietas diferentes). A inclusão do farelo de castanha de caju influenciou (P<0,05) o consumo de nutrientes. Diferenças de consumo entre as raças resultaram em maior consumo para os animais mestiços Dorper x sem padrão racial definido (SPRD), seguidos pelos mestiços Somalis x SPDR e pelos mestiços Santa Inês x SPRD. No entanto, não houve diferenças entre os genótipos em relação à dieta controle. O ganho de peso médio diário foi menor para as raças a cuja dieta foi adicionado farelo de castanha de caju. Os diferentes cruzamentos e as dietas não afetaram a conversão alimentar. A inclusão de farelo de castanha de caju nas dietas reduziu o peso de carcaça fria, bem como o peso das costelas. A adição de farelo de castanha de caju diminui o consumo de alimentos e o rendimento de carcaça. Entre os cruzamentos avaliados neste estudo, os ovinos mestiços Dorper x SPRD apresentam maior taxa de ganho de peso médio diário.

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds - 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain.

In some Chilean cities, levels of arsenic (As) in drinking water reached 800 µg/L between 1950 and 1970, while current levels are 40 µg/L. To evaluate the causal role of this exposure in lung and bladder cancers, we conducted a case-control study in Regions I, II, and III of the country. From 1994 to 1996, cases diagnosed as lung cancer and two hospital controls were entered in the study; one control was a patient with a cancer, while the other was a patient without cancer, both conditions unrelated to As. Controls were matched with cases by age and sex. A standard survey containing questions about residence, employment, health history, was administered to study subjects. Data on As concentrations in water were obtained from records of the municipal water companies. A total of 151 lung cancer cases and 419 controls (167 with cancer and 242 without cancer) were enrolled. Median level of lifetime As exposure was significantly higher among cases, with a clear dose-response relationship between mean As exposure levels, with an OR (95% CI) of: 1, 1.7 (0.5-5.1), 3.9 (1.2-13.4), 5.5 (2.2-13.5), and 9.0 (3.6-22) for strata one to five respectively. This study provides new evidence that As in drinking water can cause internal cancers and gives an estimate of the form of this relationship.

En algunas ciudades de Chile, entre 1950 y 1970, los niveles de arsénico (As) en el agua potable alcanzaron los 800 µg/l, estando hoy en 40 µg/l; para evaluar el rol de esta exposición, se llevó a cabo este estudio de casos de cáncer de pulmón y controles en las Regiones I, II y III. Entre 1994 y 1996, se ingresaron casos de cáncer de pulmón y dos controles hospitalarios: un control, un paciente con cáncer y el otro, un paciente sin cáncer, ambos diagnósticos no relacionados con arsénico. Los controles fueron pareados grupalmente por edad y sexo con los casos. A cada sujeto, se le aplicó una encuesta estandarizada sobre residencia, empleo y salud. La información sobre niveles de As en el agua provino de registros de las compañías de agua. Se ingresaron 151 casos de cáncer pulmonar y 419 controles (167 con cáncer y 242 sin cáncer). La mediana de As en el agua potable a lo largo de la vida fue significativamente mayor entre los casos, con una clara relación dosis-respuesta entre el promedio de As y el riesgo, con OR (95% IC) de 1, 1,7 (0,5-5,1), 3,9 (1,2-13,4), 5,5 (2,2-13,5), y 9,0 (3,6-22) para los estratos 1 al 5, respectivamente. Este estudio provee nueva evidencia sobre el rol causal del As en el agua potable en cánceres internos y sobre la forma de la relación entre exposición y riesgo de cáncer.

In some Chilean cities, levels of arsenic (As) in drinking water reached 800 µg/L between 1950 and 1970, while current levels are 40 µg/L. To evaluate the causal role of this exposure in lung and bladder cancers, we conducted a case-control study in Regions I, II, and III of the country. From 1994 to 1996, cases diagnosed as lung cancer and two hospital controls were entered in the study; one control was a patient with a cancer, while the other was a patient without cancer, both conditions unrelated to As. Controls were matched with cases by age and sex. A standard survey containing questions about residence, employment, health history, was administered to study subjects. Data on As concentrations in water were obtained from records of the municipal water companies. A total of 151 lung cancer cases and 419 controls (167 with cancer and 242 without cancer) were enrolled. Median level of lifetime As exposure was significantly higher among cases, with a clear dose-response relationship between mean As exposure levels, with an OR (95% CI) of: 1, 1.7 (0.5-5.1), 3.9 (1.2-13.4), 5.5 (2.2-13.5), and 9.0 (3.6-22) for strata one to five respectively. This study provides new evidence that As in drinking water can cause internal cancers and gives an estimate of the form of this relationship.

En algunas ciudades de Chile, entre 1950 y 1970, los niveles de arsénico (As) en el agua potable alcanzaron los 800 µg/l, estando hoy en 40 µg/l; para evaluar el rol de esta exposición, se llevó a cabo este estudio de casos de cáncer de pulmón y controles en las Regiones I, II y III. Entre 1994 y 1996, se ingresaron casos de cáncer de pulmón y dos controles hospitalarios: un control, un paciente con cáncer y el otro, un paciente sin cáncer, ambos diagnósticos no relacionados con arsénico. Los controles fueron pareados grupalmente por edad y sexo con los casos. A cada sujeto, se le aplicó una encuesta estandarizada sobre residencia, empleo y salud. La información sobre niveles de As en el agua provino de registros de las compañías de agua. Se ingresaron 151 casos de cáncer pulmonar y 419 controles (167 con cáncer y 242 sin cáncer). La mediana de As en el agua potable a lo largo de la vida fue significativamente mayor entre los casos, con una clara relación dosis-respuesta entre el promedio de As y el riesgo, con OR (95% IC) de 1, 1,7 (0,5-5,1), 3,9 (1,2-13,4), 5,5 (2,2-13,5), y 9,0 (3,6-22) para los estratos 1 al 5, respectivamente. Este estudio provee nueva evidencia sobre el rol causal del As en el agua potable en cánceres internos y sobre la forma de la relación entre exposición y riesgo de cáncer.